1.Japan approved the use ofdonor stem cells for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration inclinical trials
Aresearch team in Japan has been developing a cell therapy for the treatment ofage-related macular degeneration. This week (February 1), they received thesupport of the Japanese health authorities, began to use the donor-derivedpluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) through the transformation of retinal cellsto carry out a clinical trial. It would be the first clinical trial of theteam's physician to inject donor cells. This method is expected to reducemedical costs and preparation time.
Prior tothis, the team led by Masayo Takahashi, a scientist at the DevelopmentalBiology Center of the Japan Institute of Chemical and Chemical Sciences, usedthe patient's own cell to test an age-related macular degeneration therapybased on ips cells.
AsahiShinbum reported in June 2016, "This iPS-based cell-based approach iscostly and time-consuming and requires about 100 million yen ($ 930,000) totrain and test iPS cells, About 11 months of transplantation, but the use ofips cells from the retinal cells produced, the time required can be reduced toa month, and the cost can be significantly reduced.
InSeptember 2016, Takahashi and her colleagues reported in the first paper thatthe retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) produced by monkey iPS cellswere transplanted into the eyes of the immunized matched monkeys withoutsuffering Immune rejection. In a second paper published, they confirmed thathuman donor RPE cells produced using ips cells did not trigger an immuneresponse in vitro cultured lymphocytes.
PaulKnoepfler, a stem cell biologist at the University of California, Davis, toldScientist magazine, "The two papers strongly demonstrate that RPE cellsproduced by allogeneic iPS cells can be efficiently transplanted to recipientsof immune-matched recipients , And does not trigger a larger immune response,which means that age-based macular degeneration based on ips cells may notnecessarily depend on autologous transplantation as long as there is an immunematch.
Japan's Nikkei Asian Review reports that about fivepatients will participate in this donor cell clinical trial. The clinical trialis expected to take place in the first half of 2017.
2.Cancer Res: Wnt5a promotesglioblastoma to obtain invasive phenotype
doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1693
Recently,scientists from Italy published an article in the International AcademicJournal Cancer Research, which in the article proved that the Wnt familymembers Wnt5a is an important factor in promoting the invasion of glioblastoma.This study provides a new potential target for the prevention of glioblastomainvasion in the treatment of this malignancy.
In thisstudy, the researchers reported that Wnt family members of the WNT familyinvolved in nonclassical WNT signaling pathways had the same effect. They foundthat the most aggressive glioma there is Wnt5a overexpression of thecharacteristics of Wnt5a overexpression associated with poor prognosis ofpatients, but also will have a strong infiltration of interstitial glioblastoma(mesenchymal glioblastoma) and Almost no movement of glioblastoma (proneuralglioblastoma) and classical glioblastoma (classical glioblastoma) todistinguish.
Overexpressionof Wnt5a is associated with tumor stem cell-like features of interstitialglioblastoma. Inhibition of the expression of Wnt5a in interstitialglioblastoma can attenuate the infiltration of tumor cells. In contrast,enhancement of Wnt5a expression in classical glioblastoma and Wnt5a lowexpression of interstitial glioblastoma can activate tumor cell invasion andinterstitial characteristics.
Inhibition of Wnt5a activity in the mouse model ofglioblastoma xenografts can prevent the invasion of tumor cells in the brainand increase the survival rate of mice.
3.Cell Stem Cell: stem cellresearch reveals how the card card virus causes a small head disease
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.12.005
In recentyears, Brazil and other countries in the Americas frequent neonatal headdisease. The scientific community has confirmed that the card card virusinfection and the incidence of small head disease association, but do not knowhow the impact of the virus fetal brain development. German researchers havesaid that they have found Zhai card virus to cause scientific evidence of smallhead disease.
Researchersat the University of Cologne, Germany, and other institutions reported in a newissue of "Cell-Stem Cells" that they "reprogrammed" healthyhuman skin cells into cultured pluripotent stem cells to culture neuralprecursor cells. Neural precursor cells can differentiate a variety of nervecells, can be described as the brain development of the "startingpoint."
Underspecific experimental conditions, the researchers gathered many neuralprecursor cells into brain organs, that is, a few millimeters in size, withthree-dimensional structure of the brain tissue fragments, the process ofembryonic brain to simulate the early development, and to observe the virusEffect of Infection on Embryonic Brain Development.
Theresults showed that the card card virus will allow cells involved in celldivision - the central body failure, so that nerve precursor cells prematurelydifferentiate into mature nerve cells. This "precocious" seems to beno harm, but will make a lot of nerve precursor cells are no longer involved inbrain organ growth into a complete brain process, leading to embryonic headdisease.
Researchers, they used in the experiment from the smallhead deformed embryos isolated from the card card virus strains, theexperimental results for the card card virus led to small head disease providesa "convincing scientific evidence."
4.Science Sub-Journal:Changing Bone Marrow Environment for Leukemia Treatment Reserve MoreHematopoietic Stem Cells
doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600455
Researchersat the University of Illinois reported that they were able to mimic bone marrowcharacteristics through biomaterials to alter blood cell development. Theresults of the study are published in the international academic journalScience Advances. Which for leukemia and lymphoma and other diseases provide anew direction.
Researchersobtained samples of hematopoietic stem cells from mice, and then usedbiomaterials to simulate some of the properties of the natural bone marrowextracellular matrix to culture hematopoietic stem cells. They want to know howthese biomechanical systems can alter the ability of hematopoietic stem cellsto proliferate and differentiate into blood cells.
Researchers have tested the two components, collagen andfibronectin, that often interact with hematopoietic stem cells in the matrix.They found that when hematopoietic stem cells are exposed to collagen, theyproliferate faster, but undergo differentiation It means they are no longerstem cells. When exposed to fibronectin, the rate of stem cell proliferation isnot so fast but can maintain stem cell-like properties.
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